How to solve a comprehension passage (a seen or an unseen passage)
Passage में सामान्यतया तीन प्रकार के प्रश्न
पूछे जाते हैं - बहुविकल्पी उत्तर वाले, एक या
दो वाक्य में उत्तर देने वाले और विलोम शब्द (opposite
word) या समानार्थी शब्द (similar
words) बताने वाले।
Passage के प्रश्नों का उत्तर देने केलिए
निम्नांकित बातों को ध्यान में रखना चाहिए -
(1)पूरे passage
को एक बार ध्यान पूर्वक पढ़ लें ताकि उसकी विषय वस्तु
आपके ध्यान में आ जाए।
(2)यदि passage
का कोई वाक्य या passage
में आए हुए शब्द समझ में नहीं आए तो घबराने की या चिंतित
होने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। जितना कुछ समझ में आए उसी के आधार पर अनुमानित भाव निकल
कर वाक्य तथा कठिन शब्दों को समझने का प्रयास करें।
(3) एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर वाले
प्रश्न का उत्तर देने के लिए प्रश्न में दो या तीन शब्द मुख्य शब्द (key
words) होते हैं, उन्हें
देखना चाहिए। यदि ये शब्द passage के किसी
वाक्य में हो, तो ऐसे प्रश्न का उत्तर उस वाक्य में
या उस वाक्य के आसपास वाले वाक्य में मिलने की संभावना होती है। इसलिए उस वाक्य को
आधार बनाकर उत्तर लिखा जा सकता है। ऐसे प्रश्न का उत्तर हो सके जहाँ तक सरल शब्दों
में लिखना चाहिए।
(4)प्रश्न जिस tense में
पूछा गया हो, उत्तर भी उसी tense में
लिखा जाना चाहिए। जैसे :
Q. What is he playing?
Ans. He is playing football.
Q. What was he playing?
Ans. He was playing football.
Q. But will he play?
Ans. He will play football.
(5) यदि प्रश्न के वाक्य में सहायक
क्रिया do या does या did हो, तो उस
प्रश्न का उत्तर लिखते समय do, does, did का
प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है। Do होने पर
उत्तर के वाक्य में क्रिया का पहला रूप लगाया जाता है। Does होने पर
क्रिया के पहले रूप के साथ s, es या ies जोड़ा
जाता है। Did होने पर क्रिया का दूसरा रूप काम में
लिया जाता है।
Examples: -
Q. What do they play?
Ans. They play football.
Q. What does he play?
Ans. He plays football.
Q. What did he play?
Ans. He played football.
(5) यदि प्रश्न नकारात्मक को हो, तो
सहायक क्रिया do, does या did का
उत्तर के वाक्य में प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे:
Q. What do you not take for breakfast?
Ans. I do not take tea for breakfast.
Q. What does he not give you?
Ans. He does not give me his hockey stick.
Q. When did he not go there?
Ans. He did not go there yesterday?
(6) यदि प्रश्न why से शुरू
हो, तो उत्तर के वाक्य में कारण बताने के
लिए because का प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे :-
Q. Why did he not go to school yesterday?
Ans. He did not go to school yesterday because he was
ill.
Note - लेकिन उद्देश्य बताना हो, तो उतर
के वाक्य में infinitive (to+ verb के पहले
रूप) का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे :-
Q. Why did Hari go to Agra?
Ans. He went to Agra to see the Taj Mahal.
(7) यदि प्रश्न के बीच में there हो, तो उसे
प्रश्न के उत्तर को प्राय there से ही
शुरू किया जाता है। जैसे:-
Q. How many students are there in your class?
Ans. There are 40 students in our class.
Q. How much milk was there in the pot?
Ans. There was a little milk in the pot.
(8) यदि वाक्य who से शुरू
हो, तो who को हटा
कर उत्तर वाला शब्द लिख देते हैं और शेष शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों रख देते हैं।
जैसे-
Q. Who helped you?
Ans. Ram helped me.
Q. Who plays football?
Ans. Hari plays football.
Q. Who does not help you?
Ans. Mohan does not help me.
Note - कभी-कभी what से शुरू
होने वाले प्रश्नों के उत्तर भी इसी प्रकार दिए जाते हैं। जैसे -
Q. What makes you laugh?
Ans. His foolish behaviour makes me laugh.
(8) यदि प्रश्न के वाक्य में first
person का pronoun (I, my, me, we, our, us) हो तो
उत्तर के वाक्य में second person के pronoun
(you, your) का प्रयोग किया जाता है। और प्रश्न के वाक्य में second
person का pronoun हो तो
उत्तर के वाक्य में first person के pronoun
का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे -
Q. What did you give me?
Ans. I gave you a book.
Q. What is your favourite book?
Ans. My favourite book is the Ramcharitmanas.
Note - लेकिन प्रश्न के वाक्य में third
person का pronoun (he, him, his, she, her,
they, them, their) हो, तो
उसमें कोई परिवर्तन नहीं किया जाता है। जैसे-
Q. What does he want to play?
Ans. He wants to play football.
Q. Why did they run fast?
Ans. They ran fast to reach the station on time.
PASSAGE (First Flight Lesson -7 Madam Rides the Bus)
(“There was a girl named —---- would shout in English
“Proud, proud.”)
Read the passage given below and answer the questions
that follow:-
There was a girl named Valliammai who was called Valli
for short. She was 8 years old and very curious about things. Her favourite
pastime was standing in the front doorway of her house watching what was
happening in the street outside. There were no playmates of her own age on her
street, and this was about all she had to do.
But for Valli, standing at the front door was every bit
as enjoyable as any of the elaborate games other children played. Watching the
street gave her many new unusual experiences.
The most fascinating thing of all was the bus that
travelled between her village and the nearest town. It passed through her
street each hour, once going to the town and once coming back. The sight of the
bus filled each time with a new set of passengers, was a source of unending joy
for Valli.
Day after day she watched the bus and gradually a tiny
wish crept into her head and grew there,
she wanted to ride on that bus, even if just once. Valli would stare
wistfully at the people who got on or off the bus when it stopped at the street
corner. If one of her friends happened to ride
the bus and tried to describe the sights of the town to her, Valli would be too jealous to listen and
would shout in English: “Proud, proud”
Q. 1 Where did the bus stop?
Q. 2. What gave Valli many new unusual experiences?
Q.3. When did the bus pass through Valli’s street?
Q. 4. What was the most fascinating thing for Valli?
Q. 5. What was the girl’s favourite pastime?
Q. 6. Why did Valli have to stand in the doorway and
watch the things in the street?
Q. 7. How many playmates did Valli have?
Ans. (a) two (b) three (c ) four. (d) none
Q. 8. Valli wished to -
Ans. (a) ride the bus (b) stare at the the people (c )
watch the bus (d) stand in the front doorway
Q. 9. Write the similar word of the following from the
passage :
‘Very small.’
Q. 10. Write the opposite word of the following from
the passage:
‘Usual’
Q. 11. What was the tiny wish of Valli?
Answers to the questions -
Ans. 1. The bus stopped at the street corner.
Ans. 2. Watching the street gave her many new unusual
experiences.
Ans.3. It passed through her street each hour, once
going to the town and once coming back.
Ans.4. The most fascinating thing for Valli was the bus
that travelled between her village and the nearest town.
Ans.5. Her favourite pastime was standing in front of
the door of her house and watching what was happening in the street.
Ans. 6. She had to do so because there were no
playmates of her own age on her street.
Ans. 7. d (none)
Ans. 8. a. ride the bus
Ans. 9. Tiny
Ans. 10. Unusual
Ans. 11. Her tiny wish was to ride on the bus even if
just once.
